var element = document.querySelector('.element');
var dataAttribute = element.getAttribute('data-name');
// replace "data-name" with your data attribute name
console.log(dataAttribute);
<a data-color="blue">
This tag contains a user-defined color attribute
</a>
<div data-link="https://github.com/k-vernooy">
This tag contains a data attribute with a link
</div>