install mysqldump

# Mysql
sudo apt-get install mysql-client
# MariaDB
sudo apt-get install mariadb-clients

# Syntax
mysqldump -u [username] -p [database-to-dump] > [database-to-receive]

# Pipe it! Exporting DB from external host
mysqldump -u [username] -P [port] -h [host] [database-to-dump] | mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 [database-to-receive]

# Limit the export/dump to a sepcific table by typing its name after the DB