php ?? vs ?:

<?php
var_dump(null ?? '`null` is null'); // `null` is null
var_dump(null ?: '`null` is empty'); // null
var_dump(true ?? '`true` is null'); // true
var_dump(true ?: '`true` is empty'); // true
var_dump(false ?? '`false` is null'); // false
var_dump(false ?: '`false` is empty'); // `false` is empty"
var_dump('' ?? 'empty string is null'); // ""
var_dump('' ?: 'empty string is empty'); // "empty string is empty"
var_dump(empty(null) ?: '`null` is not empty'); // true

<?php
if ($a > $b)
  echo "a is bigger than b";
?>

#Ternary & Shorthand Syntax

<?php
    $loggedIn = false;
    $array =[1,2,3,4,5,6];
    if($loggedIn){
        echo 'You are logged in';
        echo '<br>';
    }else {
        echo 'You are NOT logged in';
        echo '<br>';
    }
    //the below is the same thing as above
    echo ($loggedIn) ? 'You are logged in' : 'You are NOT logged in';

    $isRegistered = ($loggedIn == true) ? true : false;
    echo '<br>';
    echo $isRegistered;

    //these can be nested too
    $age = 9;
    $score = 15;
    echo'<br>';
    echo 'Your score is: '.($score > 10 ? ($age >10 ? 'Average': '
    Exceptional'): ($age > 10 ? 'Horrible':'Average'));
    echo'<br>';

?>

  //alternative syntax for conditionals and loops
<!-- alternative syntax for conditionals and loops -->
<div>
<?php if($loggedIn) { ?>
    <h1>Welcome User</h1>
<?php }else{ ?>
    <h1>Welcome Guest</h1>
<?php } ?>
</div>
//<!-- a better way that looks better -->
<div>
<?php if($loggedIn):  ?>
    <h1>Welcome User</h1>
<?php else: ?>
    <h1>Welcome Guest</h1>
<?php endif; ?>
    
</div>

//<!-- An Array can be used too -->
<div>
<?php foreach($array as $val):  ?>
    <?php echo $val; ?>
<?php endforeach; ?>
    
</div>
//<!-- Can also use loops this way -->

<div>
<?php for($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++):  ?>
    <li> <?php echo $i; ?></li>
<?php endfor; ?>
    
</div>