substr

<?php
echo substr('abcdef', 1);     // bcdef
echo substr('abcdef', 1, 3);  // bcd
echo substr('abcdef', 0, 4);  // abcd
echo substr('abcdef', 0, 8);  // abcdef
echo substr('abcdef', -1, 1); // f

// Accessing single characters in a string
// can also be achieved using "square brackets"
$string = 'abcdef';
echo $string[0];                 // a
echo $string[3];                 // d
echo $string[strlen($string)-1]; // f

?>

//substr() function returns certain bits of a string 

$return_string = substr("Hi i am returning first 10 characters.", 0, 10);
Output:
"Hi i am re"

// string::substr
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main ()
{
  std::string str="We think in generalities, but we live in details.";
                                           // (quoting Alfred N. Whitehead)

  std::string str2 = str.substr (3,5);     // "think"

  std::size_t pos = str.find("live");      // position of "live" in str

  std::string str3 = str.substr (pos);     // get from "live" to the end

  std::cout << str2 << ' ' << str3 << '\n';

  return 0;
}

if (strlen($str) > 10)
   $str = substr($str, 0, 7) . '...';

$firstStringCharacter = substr("hello", 0, 1);

<?php
$rest = substr("abcdef", -1);    // retorna "f"
$rest = substr("abcdef", -2);    // retorna "ef"
$rest = substr("abcdef", -3, 1); // retorna "d"
?>

  $rest = substr("abcdef", -3, 1); // returns 'd'

var str = "Hello world!";

var res = str.substr(1, 4); 

// CPP program to illustrate substr() 
#include <string.h> 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
  
int main() 
{ 
    // Take any string 
    string s1 = "Geeks"; 
  
    // Copy three characters of s1 (starting  
    // from position 1) 
    string r = s1.substr(1, 3); 
  
    // prints the result 
    cout << "String is: " << r; 
  
    return 0; 
} 

const str = 'substr';

console.log(str.substr(1, 2)); // (1, 2): ub
console.log(str.substr(1)); // (1): ubstr

/* Percorrendo de trás para frente */
console.log(str.substr(-3, 2)); // (-3, 2): st
console.log(str.substr(-3)); // (-3): str