c# was ist eine instanz

abstract class Shape
{
    public const double pi = Math.PI;
    protected double x, y;

    public Shape(double x, double y)
    {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    public abstract double Area();
}

class Circle : Shape
{
    public Circle(double radius)
        : base(radius, 0)
    {
    }
    public override double Area()
    {
        return pi * x * x;
    }
}

class Cylinder : Circle
{
    public Cylinder(double radius, double height)
        : base(radius)
    {
        y = height;
    }

    public override double Area()
    {
        return (2 * base.Area()) + (2 * pi * x * y);
    }
}

class TestShapes
{
    static void Main()
    {
        double radius = 2.5;
        double height = 3.0;

        Circle ring = new Circle(radius);
        Cylinder tube = new Cylinder(radius, height);

        Console.WriteLine("Area of the circle = {0:F2}", ring.Area());
        Console.WriteLine("Area of the cylinder = {0:F2}", tube.Area());

        // Keep the console window open in debug mode.
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
/* Output:
    Area of the circle = 19.63
    Area of the cylinder = 86.39
*/